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Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22
Bibliography: leaves 223-232.
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014
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| _version_ | 1867613212509208576 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Moon, Gillian Catherine |
| author2 | O'Connor, Cyril |
| author_browse | Moon, Gillian Catherine O'Connor, Cyril |
| author_facet | O'Connor, Cyril Moon, Gillian Catherine |
| author_sort | Moon, Gillian Catherine |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Bibliography: leaves 223-232. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/8595 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:32:33.381Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| publisherStr | Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/8595 Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 Moon, Gillian Catherine O'Connor, Cyril Möller, Klaus Chemical Engineering Bibliography: leaves 223-232. Alkylphenols are intermediates used in the synthesis of many important substances. The most significant of the commercially important lower alkylphenols are cresols (methyl phenols) and xylenols (dimethyl phenols). The main markets for alkylphenol products are nonionic detergents, phenolic resins, polymer additives and agrochemicals. Of the western world cresol market, 55% originates from synthetic cresols whereas 45% originates from so-called “natural” cresols obtained from coal tars and refinery caustics. The methylation of phenol is the only process specifically developed to produce cresols and xylenols. There are three cresol isomers, namely ortho, para and meta. It is possible to produce a high selectivity to o-cresol by alkylation of phenol with methanol over a basic or a Al2O3 catalyst or a Fe/V catalyst. A mixture of the cresol isomers can be obtained over aluminium oxides with strong acid sites, silica alumina, zeolites, aluminium phosphates and phosphoric acid-Kieselguhr catalysts. However, direct synthesis of high purity m-cresol and p-cresol is desirable due to the high costs of separating these two isomers. Thus to synthesize p-cresol, a m-cresol free or very low m-cresol concentration in the product is desirable for purification reasons and a high p/o-cresol ratio is also desirable in the product for yield reasons since separation of the p- and the o-cresols is economically possible. 2014-10-18T05:57:51Z 2014-10-18T05:57:51Z 2003 Doctoral Thesis Doctoral PhD http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8595 eng application/pdf Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Chemical Engineering Moon, Gillian Catherine Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| thesis_degree_str | Doctoral |
| title | Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| title_full | Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| title_fullStr | Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| title_short | Alkylation of phenol with methanol over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, H-USY and H-MCM-22 |
| title_sort | alkylation of phenol with methanol over h zsm 5 h beta h mordenite h usy and h mcm 22 |
| topic | Chemical Engineering |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8595 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moongilliancatherine alkylationofphenolwithmethanoloverhzsm5hbetahmordenitehusyandhmcm22 |